Metal forming is an essential manufacturing process that manipulates metal material into desired shapes by applying force. It produces specific geometries needed for various end-use parts and products. Understanding the most common metal-forming techniques is key for both manufacturers and buyers of formed metal components.

1. METAL ROLLING

Rolling is a metal-forming process that presses metal stock between two opposing rotating cylinders to reduce thickness and create uniformity. The opposing rotational forces shape the workpiece to achieve the desired cross-section.

HOW ROLLING WORKS

During rolling, the metal strip gets squeezed between the rolls as it passes through, flattening, thinning, or lengthening it. This reduces the thickness while smoothing and cleaning the surface. The distance between rolls determines the amount of compression and deformation applied to the starting metal piece.
5 COMMON TYPES OF METAL FORMING PROCESSES
5 COMMON TYPES OF METAL FORMING PROCESSES

 

APPLICATIONS OF ROLLING

Common rolling applications include:
Producing sheet metal
Manufacturing plates, strips, and foils
Forming structural steel sections like I-beams and railroad tracks
Creating cylindrical sections like pipes, rods, wires

2. METAL EXTRUSION

Extrusion pushes heated metal through a die opening to create long pieces with a specific uniform cross-section. The die forms the workpiece to the desired shape as it exits.

HOW EXTRUSION WORKS

During extrusion, a hydraulic ram forces the soft metal alloy into the die cavity under high pressure. As the metal squeezes through the shaped opening, it stretches and hardens into that form. The continuous extrusion process can create bars, tubes, and specialty profiles in long lengths.
5 COMMON TYPES OF METAL FORMING PROCESSES
5 COMMON TYPES OF METAL FORMING PROCESSES

APPLICATIONS OF EXTRUSION

Typical extrusion applications:
Aluminum window and door frames
Pipes, tubes, and channels
Rods and bar stocks
Custom structural shapes

3. METAL FORGING

Forging uses localized compressive forces to mechanically form metal between design dies. Repeated impact deforms the raw material into high-strength finished parts.

HOW FORGING WORKS

In forging, the workpiece gets pressed between two dies that shift and shape the pliable metal when force is applied. The impressions from the dies form the desired geometry through a series of targeted high-pressure blows.
5 COMMON TYPES OF METAL FORMING PROCESSES
5 COMMON TYPES OF METAL FORMING PROCESSES

APPLICATIONS OF FORGING

Common forged parts include:
Engine components
Large bearings
Cutting tools
High-load transmission parts

4. METAL DRAWING

Drawing pulls sheet metal through a die to stretch it into various parts and assemblies with fine details. It produces lightweight components with dimensional accuracy.

HOW DRAWING WORKS

In drawing operations, the starting flat sheet gets gripped tightly and pulled through a shaping die cavity. This deepens the forms and compresses designated areas to make complex, drawn shell-like components.
5 COMMON TYPES OF METAL FORMING PROCESSES
5 COMMON TYPES OF METAL FORMING PROCESSES

APPLICATIONS OF DRAWING

Typical drawn parts include:
Automotive bodies
Aircraft fuselages
Complex enclosures
Culverts
Medical equipment
Tin cups

5. METAL STAMPING

Stamping presses sheet metal blanks between matched metalworking dies to mass-produce parts with custom geometries. It offers flexibility for both simple and complex components.

HOW STAMPING WORKS

The stamping press has a material-handling system to feed and locate sheet stock between the dies. It then presses the material to take shape through a series of cutting and forming steps during each stroke until achieving the final configuration.
5 COMMON TYPES OF METAL FORMING PROCESSES
5 COMMON TYPES OF METAL FORMING PROCESSES

APPLICATIONS OF STAMPING

Common stamping uses include:
Vehicle panels
Appliances
Aircraft components
Medical devices
Electronics enclosures
Flat shims

TECVINA – SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES

Tecvina is an international brand of Truong Thanh Mechanical Heat Joint Stock Company, based in Vietnam and established in 2008.
Email: tecvinamec@gmail.com
Hotline: 0966.500.694
Factory 1: No 31, Nguyen Du street, Duu Lau ward, Viet Tri city, Phu Tho province, Vietnam.
Factory 2: Lot 02, Thuy Van industrial zone, Thuy Van ward, Viet Tri city, Phu Tho province, Vietnam

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